According to Native Land Digital, Fort Smith is on Caddo, Kiikaapoi (Kickapoo), Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, O-ga-xpa Ma-zhoⁿ (O-ga-xpa or Quapaw), and 𐓏𐒰𐓓𐒰𐓓𐒷 𐒼𐓂𐓊𐒻 𐓆𐒻𐒿𐒷 𐓀𐒰^𐓓𐒰^(Osage) lands.
Each page linked above contains further information on tribes and territories. Many thanks to Pebley archivist Shelley Blanton for compiling these sources.
Ambo, Theresa Stewart, and K. Wayne Yang. “Beyond Land Acknowledgment in Settler Institutions.” Social Text 39, no. 1 (March 2021): 21–46.
Asher, Lila, Joe Curnow, and Amil Davis. “The Limits of Settlers’ Territorial Acknowledgments.” Curriculum Inquiry 48, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 316–34.
Blenkinsop, Sean, and Mark Fettes. “Land, Language and Listening: The Transformations That Can Flow from Acknowledging Indigenous Land.” Journal of Philosophy of Education 54, no. 4 (August 2020): 1033–46.
Cooks, Leda, and Jennifer A. Zenovich. “On Whose Land Do I/We Learn? Rethinking Ownership and Land Acknowledgment.” Communication Teacher 35, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 222–28.
Dillard, Madison, Sarah Beals, Rosa Gutierrez, Samantha Gilmore, and Lucor Jordan. “De-Pioneering Higher Education and Land Acknowledgements.” Applied Anthropologist 40, no. 2 (July 2020): 6–10.
Hughes, Bethany. “Guesting on Indigenous Land: Plimoth Plantation, Land Acknowledgment, and Decolonial Praxis.” Theatre Topics 29, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 23-32.
Huntington, Henry P. “What Do Land Acknowledgments Acknowledge?” Environment 63, no. 4 (July 2021): 31–35.
Llana, Sara Miller. “What Are Land Acknowledgments, and How Do They Help Indigenous Peoples?” Christian Science Monitor, April 2, 2021.
Robinson, Dylan, Kanonhsyonne Janice C. Hill, Armand Garnet Ruffo, Selena Couture, Lisa Cooke Ravensbergen. “Rethinking the Practice and Performance of Indigenous Land Acknowledgement.” Canadian Theatre Review, no. 177 (Winter 2019): 20–30.
Wark, Joe. “Land Acknowledgements in the Academy: Refusing the Settler Myth.” Curriculum Inquiry 51, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 191–209.
The databases on this multidisciplinary list may contain further sources on land acknowledgment.
Peer-reviewed journal articles have gone through a special review process (peer review, naturally). This means scholars of a discipline have read an article carefully and determined that it makes a worthwhile contribution and was researched correctly. This is why instructors prefer you to use peer-reviewed articles -- it guarantees that your sources are good ones.